تدوينات

School: Leeds College of TechnologyStreet: Cookridge StreetTown: LeedsCounty: West YorkshirePostcode: LS2 8BLHeadteacher/Principal: School Website: http://www.lct.ac.uk/Alumni Website: Tel: 0113 2976300Fax: 0113 …

Aerobic Capacity The capacity of the cardiopulmonary system, i.e. a measure of the way in which the heart  and lungs  …

جامعة نوتنجهام – The University of Nottingham The Admissions Office The University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD t: …

Civil Juries: Only used in cases which involve allegations about the character or reputation of one of the parties. These …

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Involves programs which allow the designer to visualise the design in many different ways. It thus speeds …

Impulse Purchase An unplanned decision to buy a product or brand. Certain types of product are especially prone to impulse …

Cartel A group of firms which agree to limit output in order to keep prices higher than they would be …

                Construction activities – hazards and control                                    Introduction     The construction industry covers a wide range …

School: Halesowen CollegeStreet: Whittingham RoadTown: HalesowenCounty: West MidlandsPostcode: B63 3NAHeadteacher/Principal: School Website: http://www.halesowen.ac.uk/Alumni Website: Tel: 0121 6027777 Fax: 0121 5850369 …

Cash in Transit: Cash sent by a branch to head office or vice versa. The cash is an asset of …

Mediation:  Another term for conciliation. 

Standard of Living Refers to the well-being of the population but does not have a precise meaning. A serious attempt …

Checklist in Family Law Refers to the factors a court should take into account when making decisions about children. These …

قواعد اللغة الإنجليزية تعتبر اللغة الإنجليزية اللغة الأكثر استخداماً على مستوى العالم بعد لغة الماندرين الصينية و التي يتحدث بها …

shareholders’ funds are that part of a firm’s long-term finance owed by the company to its shareholders. It comprises the …

Employee Share Ownership (ESOP): A programme for providing a public limited company’s employees with a share stake in the business. …

Parasympathetic Nervous System Part of the autonomic nervous system  which slows the heartbeat rate, lowers blood pressure and promotes digestion. …

International Trade Means importing and exporting. Through specialisation , countries are able to increase both consumer choice and the total …

Distributive justice The allocation of resources (both benefits and burdens) among members of a community in a manner that is …

هل يمكن الحصول على معلومات شاملة عن الادارة العامة ؟ يعتبر برنامج الماجستير التخصصي في الإدارة العامة من بريطانيا والذي …

قسم إدارة المكاتب Office Management Department   تعد إدارة المكاتب من المهمات الأساسية التي تتواجد في كل الشركات و المؤسسات …

Echolalia A condition often found in autistic children, whereby they show a pathological repetition of the words of others. This is …

كلية كورنوال – Cornwall College Pool Redruth Cornwall TR15 3RD t: 01209 616161 f: 01209 611612 e: [email protected] w: www.cornwall.ac.uk …

Blood Cells Cells which are found in blood. There are two main types of cells: • Red blood cells  or erythrocytes. …

BBC prison study A study carried out by social psychologists Alex Haslam and Stephen Reicher and broadcast on the BBC in …

Fixtures and Fittings Are the internal fabric of a building: its decor, equipment and fittings. For service businesses, expenditure on …

ما هي افضل جامعة في تعليم الادارة العامة ؟ تمثل الأكاديمية العربية البريطانية للتعليم العالي افضل جامعة في تعليم الادارة …

School: Strathmore CollegeStreet: 38/40, Dimsdale Parade EastTown: WolstantonCounty: StaffsPostcode: ST5 8BUHeadteacher/Principal: School Website: Alumni Website: Tel: 01782 740034Fax: 01782 714860 …

School: Preston CollegeStreet: Fulwood CampusTown: FulwoodCounty: LancsPostcode: PR2 8URHeadteacher/Principal: School Website: http://www.preston.ac.uk/Alumni Website: Tel: 01772 225000Fax: 01772 225002  Type: tertiary …

كيف يتم التسجيل في دورات الموارد البشرية المجانية الموجودة لديكم ؟ لا تقدم الأكاديمية العربية البريطانية للتعليم العالي برامج دراسية …

School: Derby Moor Community Sports SchoolStreet: Moorway LaneTown: DerbyCounty: DerbyshirePostcode: DE23 7FSHeadteacher/Principal: School Website: http://www.derbymoor.derby.sch.uk/Alumni Website: Tel: 01332 766280 Fax: …

ما هو مفهوم التنمية البشرية و كيف تكون الدراسة في برامجكم ؟ تتعدد المفاهيم الخاصة بالتنمية البشرية ويكون التعريف المتعارف …

Income Support: A benefit payment designed to ensure that everyone has a minimum acceptable income. Income support is means-tested and …

STAFF MOTIVATION     Motivation is an important function in any manager’s job. His functions of organising, directing and staffing …

الشهادات المتقدمة في الإرشاد النفسي من بريطانيا

Institute of Directors (IOD): An employers’ pressure group that has a stronger representation among small and service businesses than its …

Broker: A person who acts as an intermediary between a buyer and a seller. Examples include stockbrokers who buy and …

Sponsorship is a form of promotion in which funds are provided for a sporting, cultural or social event in return …

كلية ترورو آند بينويث – Truro and Penwith College – Formerly Truro College Truro College College Road Truro Cornwall TR1 …

Elasticity of Demand for Labour: The responsiveness of demand for labour to a change in the wage rate. In some …

Herzberg, F (1923-2000): An American psychologist whose researches in the 1950s led him to develop the two-factor theory of job …

كيف يفيد دراسة برنامج شهادة مهندس محترف معتمد CPE ؟    ‏تحرص الأكاديمية العربية البريطانية للتعليم العالي على تقديم كل …

Neighbour Principle in Negligence Used to define to whom a legal responsibility ( duty of care ) is owed. In …

the Consumer Credit Act 2006 Amends the Consumer Credit Act 1974. The main changes are removing the upper financial limit …

Muscular Dystrophy Disorder which affects the muscles  and the nerve  supply to the muscles. There are several different types of …

First In, First Out (FIFO) (1) Is the standard practice in all systems of stock rotation  . In other words, …

جامعة كامبريدج – University of Cambridge Cambridge Admissions Office Fitzwilliam House 32 Trumpington Street Cambridge CB2 1QY t: 01223 333 …

  Portable electrical equipment and Secondary hazards 10.3.6Portable electrical equipment  Portable and transportable electrical equipment is defined by the Health …

Cold Calling     Cold calling involves picking up the telephone and calling strangers. It is something many people fear …

Death Rate Is the number of deaths per year per 1000 people in the population. Age-specific death rate is the …

Bankruptcy Proceedings: Court proceedings in which a bankrupt person or any of the creditors applies for an order that the …

هل يمكنني العمل بعد الانتهاء من دراسة برنامج ماجستير ادارة الموارد البشرية بوظيفة hr ؟ يقدم برنامج ماجستير الموارد البشرية …

Shadowing Commonly used in studies of attention , this involves listening to and repeating back more or less simultaneously a …

European Union -EU The EU was formed in November 1993, following the Maastricht Treaty. It replaced the European Community, which …

Cumulative Preference Shares Pay their shareholders an annual return that is a fixed percentage of their investment capital and is …

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): The ways in which companies address issues beyond their bottom line  , i.e. their profit. In …

Re-engineering:   The complete reinvention of how work is carried out within an organisation, including fundamentals such as organisational structure, …

Pelvis  The bony structure situated in the lower part of the trunk. The pelvis consists of the ilium, ischium and …

Primary Efficiency Ratio:  Another term for return on capital (ROC).

Transfers Between ledgers are recorded in the journal, for example: Journal                      …

Office of Fair Trading (OFT)  Is the government body set up to ensure that firms are complying with the Fair …

  Documentary Collection   A Documentary Collection (Contents: Documentary Collection. Clean Collection. Bill of Exchange. Managing Collections. Doc. Collection Simulation.) …

Minimal Brain Dysfunction A term used where the patterns of abnormal behaviour demonstrated by children seem to suggest some organic …

School: Ludlow CollegeStreet: Castle SquareTown: LudlowCounty: ShropshirePostcode: SY8 1GDHeadteacher/Principal: School Website: http://www.ludlow-college.ac.uk/Alumni Website: Tel: 01584 872846Fax: 01584 876012  Type: tertiary …

Median:  A measure of central tendency  which divides the distribution into two equal parts. If the items in the distribution …

Widowhood A period of adjustment following the death of a spouse. The initial process normally involves a period of grieving …

Piece-Parts The components used within a production process. They form part of the raw material stock and work in progress …

Foreign Exchange May mean foreign currency, the medium of exchange of another country.

Certificate of Advocacy: A qualification which allows solicitors to act as advocates in the higher courts. All solicitors have the …

Thalassaemia  Is an inherited blood  disorder which is widespread in certain parts of the world such as Mediterranean countries, Africa …

Homeostasis Processes within the body which maintain its steady state. Conditions outside the body (the external environment) are continuously varying, …

Real Interest Rates  Are the rates above (or below) prevailing rates of inflation. For instance, if inflation is 5 per …

Patent The right to be the sole user or producer of the invention  of a new process or product. To …

Market Price Is where the demand for a product exactly matches its ‘supply’. It is therefore also known as the …

Psychiatric Service  A branch of the health service which specialises in the detection, diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders. 

Information Failure Can lead to a type of market failure . The allocation of resources may be less than optimal …

Public Spending  Is the amount of expenditure which governments undertake with the revenue which they obtain from taxes and other …

Portfolio Investment Means buying financial assets rather than direct investment. The latter would involve actually setting up productive capacity such …

Dyslexia A term with two distinct meanings. In the more familiar case the term ‘developmental dyslexia’ is used to describe difficulties …

Household, in the same A phrase used in family law to describe a husband and wife living together who share some …

Net Foreign Assets Means all assets held overseas by UK residents less all assets held in the UK by people …

Socially Efficient Level of Output: The level at which the marginal social benefits of the last unit of output is …

Debt Finance Means using loans to pay for investments, rather than share capital. Most firms rely on a combination of …

OFGEM Is the regulator for the privatised gas and electricity industries, which has potentially wide-ranging powers, including the ability to …

Assault Occasioning Actual Bodily Harm: A crime under s47 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861. There must be …

ما هي طريقة حل الصراع في العمل   الصراعات لا تعتبر أمراً سلبياً بالشكل القاطع ، حيث أنها تعبر عن …

Home Start UK A voluntary organisation set up across the country to help young families under stress. It deals with …

Foreign Direct Investment -FDI The sums invested directly into an economy by foreign people, firms or governments. For example, the …

Group Accounts Are prepared when two or more companies are controlled by a single management team and the businesses act …

Relevant Costs: When making choices between two or more alternative policies, only future differential costs need to be considered; sunk …

Sunk Costs: Costs which have already been paid for and which no longer figure in the decision-taking process. For example, …

  Promoting a positive health and safety culture Health and safety training Health and safety training is a very important …

School: North Highland College (Thurso College)Street: Ormlie RoadTown: ThursoCounty: HighlandPostcode: KW14 7EEHeadteacher/Principal: School Website: http://www.nhcscotland.com/Alumni Website: Tel: 01847 896 161Fax: …

 European Court of Human Rights Established in 1959 to hear cases in which a breach of the European Convention on …

Revocation of a will Has the effect of cancelling that will. A will may be revoked by: • deliberately destroying the …

 كيف أسجل في برنامج ماجستير امن وسلامة معكم ؟ يتميز التسجيل مع الأكاديمية العربية البريطانية للتعليم العالي بأنه يسهل علي …

  Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 and Regulations 1998  Introduction Employers are responsible for the health and safety of …

Compulsory Admission To Hospital Legal procedures employed under the Mental Health Act 1983 to admit a person to hospital. The …

School: Berkshire College of AgricultureStreet: Hall PlaceTown: Burchetts GreenCounty: BerksPostcode: SL6 6QRHeadteacher/Principal: School Website: http://www.bca.ac.uk/Alumni Website: Tel: 01628 824444 Fax: …

Current Account See balance of payments.  The term also refers to bank accounts kept mainly for the purpose of making …

ما هي كيفية الحصول على شهادة CMA؟ تستهدف شهادة برنامج محاسب إداري معتمد من بريطانيا تزويد العاملين بالمجال المحاسبي بحزمة …

Indirect Taxes  Are taxes paid on goods and services, as opposed to direct taxes  which are paid on income and …

Issue of Debentures: The bookkeeping entries are similar to those used for the issue of shares  . The word ‘debenture’ …

Liquidity Crisis A loss of confidence in a firm’s ability to meet its short-term debts. This may encourage bankers or …

مبنى ورشات العمل و المشاريع البحثية   صور مبنى ورشات العمل و المشاريع البحثية في Coventry بالإضافة إلى خريطة الوصول …

Motivators  Are the aspects of a job that can lead to positive job satisfaction on the part of the employee …

كيف تفيد دراسة الموارد إدارة الموارد البشرية الدارسين لها ؟    ‏ساهم التطور و التحديث الصناعي الكبيرين في الوقت المعاصر …

Market Dominance: The extent to which a business dominates sales, pricing and distribution within its market. A highly dominant firm …

Extrinsic Motivation Motivation to engage in a task as a means to an end, i.e. because it is likely to …

standardisation  is the production or use of products or components that are so identical as to allow them to be …

هل يتم تقديم بحث عن السلامة والصحة المهنية عند دراسة برنامج الدكتوراة في السلامة والصحة المهنية ؟ للتسجيل في برنامج …

Renewable Energy Certificates Are designed so that green energy producers get a subsidy. They are used in the USA where …

Job Description: A detailed statement of the nature of a job, identifying the precise tasks and responsibilities involved. It is …

Individualism Refers to any culture where the main type of social arrangement is the nuclear family (parent(s) and children). The …

ما هو تخصص الإدارة الهندسية   تهدف الإدارة الهندسية إلى تزويد العاملين بالحقل الهندسي بالمهارات الأساسية في التخطيط و اختيار …

Market Capitalisation:  The value placed on a company by the stock market. It is the number of shares issued multiplied …

Movement Professor Herzberg distinguished between movement (seen as short-term or temporary motivation — when someone does something for a specific …

Labour Flexibility: The ease with which a firm can change the jobs carried out by its staff. This is an …

Price Elasticity of Supply Measures by how much the quantity of a product supplied by producers will change if the …

Statement of Financial Position: IAS terminology for balance sheet.

Market Equilibrium: The point at which the quantity sellers wish to sell is equal to the quantity buyers wish to …

الشهادات المتقدمة في  المحاسبة من بريطانيا The Advanced Certificates in Accounting     المحاسبة هي لغة التجارة و المال في …

Intestate A person who has not made a will.

 Economic loss in negligence A financial loss, such as loss of earnings or loss of profit. Where a defendant has …

Dyslexia A specific learning difficulty caused by a defect in the part of the brain which processes language and affects …

Admission of a New Partner: A structural change to a business involving the addition of one or more new partners. …

 Retail Price Index (RPI): The main measure of inflation in the UK. It is a weighted average of price changes …

Small Business Service The agency set up by the Labour government which promotes and coordinates activities to develop entrepreneurial activity. …

Advertising Elasticity Measures the extent to which changes in advertising spending affect demand. If a relatively small change in spending …

National Saving Is a form of government borrowing which encourages people to save by offering not only a reasonable interest …

Calls in Arrears: Calls on share capital for which the money has not yet been received from the shareholders  .

LSD -Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Is a hallucinogenic or psychedelic drug  which causes disturbances in understanding and a changed state of …

كلية سبارشولت هامبشاير – Sparsholt College Hampshire Sparsholt Winchester Hampshire SO21 2NF t: 01962 776441 f: 01962 776587 e: [email protected] …

Statutory A formal legal requirement agreed by Parliament and reinforced by legislation.

Role-Play  A learning method used by students in education  or training. It involves the student taking a part and acting …

Supply-Side Shocks: Noticeable changes which have an impact on the quantity of goods and services supplied and the general price …

ما هي افضل برامج إدارة المشروعات ؟ تعددت البرامج التي يتم دراستها علي موقع الأكاديمية العربية البريطانية للتعليم العالي والتي …

Basic Intent: The term used to describe the level of intention that the prosecution must prove in offences for which …

Introduction to Health and Safety at work      Environmental considerations   Water pollution Pollution of rivers and other water courses …

Time Value of Money Means that money received or paid in the future has not the same value as money …

Assimilation A term used by Jean Piaget in his theory of intellectual development, it refers to the child’s interpretation of the …

Capital Rationing Is a situation in which tight financial constraints force a firm to choose between projects that are all …

Inevitable Accident A defence in tort. The defendant will not be liable if he can show that the accident could not …

Time Rate: The amount of pay to be earned for one hour’s work, e.g. £6.40 per hour.

Primary Research  Is the gathering of first-hand data that is tailor-made to a firm’s own products, customers or markets. This …

Objective Recklessness Was a test in criminal law where the defendant could be liable even though he did not realise …

European Regional Development Fund Was set up by the European Union in recognition of the fact that increased trade would …

  Definition of work measurement   has been defined by the British Standards Institute (BSI)  as ‘the application of techniques …

Natural Resources: Include land and supplies of basic raw materials such as oil reserves. They may also include sites with …

كلية القانون – The College of Law Study in: London, Birmingham & Chester Administration Address: Braboeuf Manor St Catherines, Portsmouth …

Substance Abuse Is misuse of various substances including alcohol , drugs and solvents . Abuse describes the way in which …

  Introduction to Health and Safety at work Requirements for the statutory examination of lifting equipment The Lifting Operations and …

Liabilities A legal obligation to pay debts. Liabilities appear in the accounts of banks and companies. They imply the existence …

Market Share Maximisation: A possible goal for firms, which in some cases may be more important than profit maximisation . …

  ما هي العلاقة بين السمنة و العادات الغذائية ‏تأتي السمنة من عدم الاتزان في عدد السعرات التي تدخل الجسم …

European Union (EU): The EU was formed in November 1993, following the Maastricht Treaty. It replaced the European Community, which …

Third World Countries: Another term for developing economies . 

Capital:  To an economist, capital is one of the factors of production  , the others being land, labour and entrepreneurship. …

Accrued Expenses: Those revenue expenses that remain unpaid at the financial year end.

Domestic Roles The roles which are played by the man and the woman within a home environment. A stereotypical role …

Gearing Measures the proportion of capital employed that is provided by long-term lenders. The gearing ratio is: FORMULA:   If loans …

Concept of White Paper   A government document which describes in detail proposed new policies and laws.

جامعة لندن ساوث بانك – London South Bank University 103 Borough Road London SE1 0AA t: 020 7815 7815 f: …

Export Marketing Devising a strategy for developing and sustaining profitable sales overseas. Although largely the same as UK marketing, selling …

Basic Step Moves Basic Left (Reverse for Basic Right) •    Start Position    •    Centered in front of the bench.    …

Psychoanalysis A term used to describe the theory of development associated with Sigmund Freud , and the psychotherapy derived from …

PSBR Now renamed the public sector net cash requirement (PSNCR). 

Retail Selling Price -RSP Is the actual price of an item charged to customers in a shop. This will differ …

Stakeholders: People and organisations that stand to gain or lose by the activities of a business. The stakeholders contribute directly …

Axon One of the components of a nerve cell  . The axon conducts impulses away from the nerve cell body. …

Judicial Studies Board Supervises the training of judges. It was set up in 1979, and the amount of training given …

Horizontal and Vertical Equity •    Relate to equality of treatment under the law. Horizontal equity involves treating people in similar …

Plasma Is a straw-coloured fluid in the blood which contains 90% water. Plasma also contains the following: •    Proteins such …

Individuality A term which recognises that it is important to acknowledge that all people are distinct and vary one from …

Interpretation Act 1978 Sets out some basic rules about the meanings of common words in Acts of Parliament. It says …

جامعة ليفربول هوب – Liverpool Hope University Hope Park Liverpool L16 9JD t: 0151 291 3295 f: 0151 291 3444 …

Family Centres Centres which offer a range of services to children, their parents or any other person looking after children. …

Reductionism A belief that the subject matter of psychology can more properly be explained within the framework of the physical …

American InterContinental University – London   110 Marylebone High StreetLondonW1U 4RY contact: The Admissions Departmentt: 020 7467 5640f: 020 7467 …

Personnel Department: The section of an organisation that is responsible for the recruitment, training, welfare and discipline of staff. This …

Community A group in society which may be determined by factors such as geographical boundaries, common values, culture and religion …

Empirical Research Research that results in the collection, analysis and evaluation of data. The term ‘empirical’ is frequently (although not …

Horizontal Presentation of Financial Statements Means that the income statement  is shown with a debit side and a credit side. …

Stagnation: A situation in which the economy is growing very slowly or not at all.

Affective filter An emotional blockage to new learning. The affective filter is hypothesised to be a mental process whereby a …

Breathing Mechanism The way in which the body: • Takes in air by inspiration; this enables oxygen to be taken to …

National Institute For Clinical Excellence (NICE) An organisation set up under the recent government reforms for the NHS. The Institute’s …

Contingent Asset Is a possible asset that arises from a previous event that may or may not be confirmed by …

team working occurs when production is organised into large units of work, instead of by a high division of labour. …

Informal Economy: That part of economic activity which is not recorded in official statistics. This includes all kinds of voluntary …

Product Cost: The total cost incurred in the manufacturing of a product. CIMA defines a product cost as ‘the cost …

Consumer Protection Legislation is that group of laws passed to control the worst excesses of past business practices towards their …

Control Accounts Are used as a method of checking the accuracy of the entries in the purchases ledgers  and the …

صعوبات القراءة Learning Difficulties المحتويات المنهج الدراسي لمحو الأمية إطار الاستراتيجية الوطنية لمحو الأمية والاستراتيجية الوطنية للابتدائية لأجل تعليم محو …

Allocation Questionnaire: A document sent to the parties in a civil case to obtain information so that the court can …

Giving A Talk Is the process involved in carrying out an oral presentation to a group or interview panel. This …

Paradigm In its most common usage within psychology, this term has two meanings: • A particular perspective on behaviour that comprises …

 Rescission for breach of contract The cancelling of a contract which occurs when one party to the contract refuses to …

      Glycemic Index     The Glycemic Index (GI) was first developed in 1981 by a team headed by Dr. …

Profit Sharing Ratio In a partnership is equal unless there is a partnership agreement which states how profits are to …

Health Care Commission  (The Commission for Health Care Audit and Inspection) was set up under the Health and Social Care …

Cannabis An illegal drug  derived from the plant Cannabis sativa  . Cannabis may be used to relax the person and …

Provisions  Allowances made in accounts for any likely, but not definite, future liability  . An example would be if a …

Seasonal Adjustment Removes regular seasonal changes from data so that the underlying trend can be seen clearly. Unemployment figures are …

Trial-And-Error Learning A view of learning originally put forward by Edward Thorndike, this proposes that responses that do not achieve …

Commission for Racial Equality: Since October 2007 this has been part of the Equality and Human Rights Commission.

London Derivatives Exchange:  The financial exchange formed from the 1990 merger of the Traded Options Market with the London International …

جامعة جلاسكو كالدونيان – Glasgow Caledonian University Student Recruitment & Admissions Service City Campus Cowcaddens Road Glasgow G4 0BA t: …

Scarcity The term used to describe the fact that people’s wants and needs always exceed the resources available to satisfy …

Job Design: Deciding how the tasks required within a production process should be subdivided or grouped into specific job functions. …

Treasury  The UK government department responsible for executing the government’s taxation and spending policies. It comes under the direct responsibility …

Sale of Goods Act 1994 lays down the contractual arrangements implied by the purchase of an item. It specifies that …

Language Generally accepted as consisting of an agreed set of symbols that enable us to convey meaning and converse with …

Interest Rates  Represent the cost of borrowing money or, to put it the other way, the return for lending funds …

Market-Based Pricing:  A collective term for pricing methods that are based on market rather than cost considerations. 

Buying Power Is the strength of pressure a customer can place on a supplier. If a business has huge buying …

Wage Determination Assuming markets are competitive, pay will be determined by the interaction of supply and demand in the labour  …

Immobilities Occur when people are unable to take up a job which is available because they are living in another …

Expenditure  Is the value of resources an organisation has used in the acquisition  of goods or services during an accounting …

Gender Schema Theory Martin and Halverson (1981) believed that the key to gender development is the acquisition of information about …

Divestment Means selling off parts of a business that no longer fit the long-term strategy. This might be because they …

Volunteer Bias The belief that participants who volunteer for a research investigation may differ in significant ways from non–volunteers, therefore …

Cash: Money in notes and coins. The most liquid of all business assets.

Aversion therapy A therapeutic technique which uses an unpleasant stimulus to change a deviant behaviour. The deviant behaviours in question are …

ما المقصود بسيكولوجية الإثارة و التميز في خدمة العملاء؟   بالرغم من أن المقولة ( كل شيء مرده إلى العقل …

Peripheral  (Workforce or business) means business elements or activities that do not form part of the core. As a result …

Balancing Figure: The amount that needs to be inserted in the debit or credit column of an account to make …

Laissez-Faire  Is a political and economic philosophy which believes that governments should avoid interfering in the running of business or …

New Entrants: Firms which set up in business in a particular industry for the first time. Usually they will be …

Bimodal distribution A type of frequency distribution where there are two modes , i.e. two high points on the graph. For …

School: Mid-Kent CollegeStreet: Maidstone RoadTown: ChathamCounty: KentPostcode: ME5 9UQHeadteacher/Principal: Mr Stephen GrixSchool Website: http://www.midkent.ac.uk/Alumni Website: Tel: 01634 830633Fax: 01634 830224 …

Market Power: A firm may have power over its market. This means that to some degree the seller is able …

Window coverings     Curtains Curtains can be used for either a formal or casual style depending on the type …

 English Country Style   English Country is a relaxed, comfortable and unpretentious style, yet is somewhat more cluttered. In English …

Productivity Bonus: Extra pay given to workers when there has been an increase in productivity. 

Differentiated Products Are usually substitutes for one another, but are nevertheless subtly different. Though they may perform the same function, …

Transfer The document used to transfer ownership of land from one person to another where the land has been registered …

General Union: An organisation founded to represent the collective interests of employees from within any industry and with no specified …

Duration A measure of how long a memory lasts before it is no longer available. The duration of memories in the …

Representation A statement made by one party to a contract to the other which induces (persuades) him to enter into the …

School: Richmond-upon-Thames CollegeStreet: Egerton RoadTown: TwickenhamCounty: MiddxPostcode: TW2 7SJHeadteacher/Principal: School Website: http://www.richmond-utcoll.ac.uk/Alumni Website: Tel: 020 86078000Fax: 020 87449738  Type: tertiary …

Liquidity: The extent to which a firm or an individual has an adequate supply of cash or of assets which …

Circular Flow of National Income: A macroeconomic  concept referring to the interconnectedness of the economy. Firms need workers who are …

ما هي إيجابيات ماجستير الادارة العامة ؟ يوجد العديد من الايجابيات عند الرغبة في التسجيل في برنامج ماجستير الادارة العامة …

Absenteeism Measures the rate of deliberate workforce absence as a proportion of the employee total. Ideally this statistic would exclude …

Skin Sensitivity Tests  Are used in the identification of allergens. Suspected allergens are injected into the skin  and the extent …

Invite the Media to the Event   To get media to cover the event, contact the assignment editor at TV …

Social And Economic Factors Are factors which affect how individuals live, work and maintain a healthy lifestyle. They are often …

Capital Allowances Are the amounts of the purchase cost of fixed assets that can be charged to profit in each …

Gold: The precious metal now used in the financial system only as part of central banks’ foreign exchange reserves . …

Prostate Cancer This is a cancer  of the prostate gland, which is to be found at the base of the …

1-    استراتيجيات الترويج الشاملتمثل استراتيجيات الترويج الشامل أهمية كبيرة لدى الكثير من المؤسسات لما تسهم به في مساعدة تلك المؤسسات …

Corporation: A limited company. Most often the term is used for a public limited company.

Heterosexuality An attraction to persons of the opposite sex which may lead to sexual contact.

Working Time Directive: the EU legal requirement that employees should work a maximum of 48 hours per week averaged over …

Overtrading Occurs when a business attempts to finance expansion without securing the necessary long-term finance. This means large investment in …

Sociality In Non-Human Animals Refers to the tendency for some animals to live in groups. Animals live in groups for …

Nightmares A nightmare is a dream occurring during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep . Nightmares result in feelings of inescapable …

Official Secrets Legislation the three main Acts protecting state secrets are the: • Official Secrets Act 1911; • Official Secrets Act 1920; …

Health and Safety Executive Responsible for appointing inspectors who have the authority to enter work premises to check safety. An …

External Growth Comes from outside the firm, such as by acquiring or merging with another firm. This is the easiest …

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Sample Engagement Letter   Below is a sample “engagement letter” you might use with an individual client such as a …

Theory Y   McGregor stated that behind every managerial decision or action there  are assumptions about human nature and human …

Assembly: The meeting of a group of people. Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects the right …

Theory Y  is a managerial approach based on the belief that human beings can be stimulated by and energetic towards …

School: Huntingdonshire Regional CollegeStreet: California RoadTown: HuntingdonCounty: CambsPostcode: PE29 1BLHeadteacher/Principal: School Website: http://www.huntingdon.ac.uk/Alumni Website: Tel: 01480 379100 Fax: 01480 379127 …

Positive Skew Is bias within a distribution towards high values. In other words, the majority of the values are above …

Truancy  Unauthorised absence from school  by children of compulsory school age (5-16 years of age). Children stay away from school …

Total Contribution   Is the gross profit made on a sale, in other words before allowing for the fixed overhead …

Cost of Borrowing: The interest rate charged by a lender of money.

Merger Takes place when a company issues its shares in exchange for the shares in another company. Sometimes a new …

Enterprise Culture: A social climate which applauds the profit motive in general and starting a small business in particular.

Determining Patterns Of Health Relate to social and statistical trends with regard to health and ill health. It is supported …

Parliament Our law-making body. It consists of the House of Commons, in which elected Members of Parliament sit, and the …

Sweat Shop: A workplace where the wages on offer are very low indeed and little attention is paid to the …

Attribution The way in which we assess the causes of a behaviour or personal characteristics of a person from the …

Letters of Recommendation   The best letters of recommendation are those written by people you have done interior decorating work for. …

Joint Venture:  When two or more firms set up a business division that will be operated jointly. This method avoids …

Fear Appeals The use of fear in a persuasive message in an attempt to change a person’s attitude or behaviour. …

Blood Pressure The pressure of blood  against the walls of the main arteries. Blood pressure is highest during systole, when …

Legal Services Board Was created by the Legal Services Act 2007. Its overriding mandate is to ensure that regulation in …

Counter-Cyclical Policy  Is used to iron out fluctuations in economic activity (see economic cycle  ). When the economy is booming, …

The Method of Budgeting     In order to locate responsibility, it is necessary to divide a business into areas …

Externalities Are those costs or benefits which occur as a result of the main operation of a business but which …

Calls in Advance: Monies received from shareholders  before a company has actually made the call. 

Loss Leader Is a very popular item whose price is cut in order to attract customers. The supplier, generally a …

Office of Fair Trading set up by the Fair Trading Act 1973 to: • review current trading practices and take direct …

Mediation  Another term for conciliation.    

Introduction to Health and Safety at work Lonising Radiations Regulations 1999 17.19.1   Introduction  The lonising Radiations Regulations 1999 (IRR99) implement …

Blacklist A list of names of people or companies that a firm or country will not deal with.

Ploughed-Back Profit Is another term for retained profit . It signifies the profit left after all deductions that is reinvested …

Lactic Acid Is an acid naturally produced in the body as a result of the metabolism of glucose.

كيف تساهم دراسة مقرر المشاريع الهندسية في افادة الدارسين ؟    ‏يحتاج العمل في المجال الهندسي توافر العديد من الخبرات …

Commercial Law Means the system of laws with which all businesses must comply. The law requires them to pay their …

ما الفرق بين المهندس الحاصل على CPE و المهندس العادي؟ نحيطكم علما بوجود عدد من الفروق بين كلا المهندسين من …

School: Cambridge Regional CollegeStreet: Science Park CampusTown: CambridgeCounty: CambsPostcode: CB4 2QTHeadteacher/Principal: School Website: http://www.camre.ac.uk/Alumni Website: Tel: 1223 418200 Fax: 1223 …

What You Need to Purchase Wholesale   To get admitted to a showroom, design center, or trade show and purchase …

Positive Statements Can be checked against the facts in order to decide whether they are true. They contrast with normative …

Group of Eight (G8) Started out as the G7, which included the governments of the seven richest nations: Japan, the …

Sexual Preference A term which is used to refer to the preferred sex of one’s sexual partner. As such, it …

Ex parte Means ‘without one party or side’ in a case. If an application is made to a court ex …

Petroleum Revenue Tax Is levied on the profits from the production of oil within the jurisdiction of the UK government. …

ما هو نظام التعليم المفتوح ؟   يعتبر نظام التعليم المفتوح من الأنظمة التعليمية التي انتشرت منذ عدة سنوات وهو …

Friedman, Milton (1912–2006) Was an American economist with an unusual devotion to the free market. He is closely associated with …

Portfolio  A spread of assets or interests to provide diversification  . A share portfolio would be spread among large and …

Local Government Is responsible in the UK for most school education, social services, local roads, planning and a range of …

Just in Case: Operating a production and distribution system with buffer stocks  , just in case demand rises unexpectedly or …

جامعة كينت – The University of Kent Information, Recruitment & Admissions Registry University of Kent Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NZ t: …

Animism The belief that inanimate objects are alive and as such have life-like qualities such as feelings and intentions. A …

Merit Pay A form of bonus payment received by employees considered to have performed at a high standard during a …

Market Value: The price placed on a good by the forces of demand and supply prevailing in the market.

Money Multiplier: The amount by which bank lending can be increased if there is an increase in the monetary base …

Organisations Are bodies of people set up to achieve specific aims. They are characterised by a structure and a culture. …

Growth Rate: The percentage increase in GDP each year. This does tend to overstate the improvement in the standard of …

School: Furness CollegeStreet: ChannelsideTown: Barrow in FurnessCounty: CumbriaPostcode: LA14 2PJHeadteacher/Principal: School Website: http://www.furness.ac.uk/Alumni Website: Tel: 01229 825017 Fax: 01229 870964 …

كلية بريستول فيلتون – Bristol Filton College Filton Avenue Bristol BS34 7AT t: 0117 909 2255 f: 0117 931 2233 …

Climate Change Levy: A tax on the use of fossil fuels by businesses and public sector organisations. The objective is …

Incorporation of terms In contract law means that a term has become part of the contract and is enforceable. In …

Induction: A process by which relationships may be inferred from specific observations. The process may start with an examination of …

Defiance of authority Resisting the orders of an authority figure. In Milgram’s studies of obedience to authority, several factors increased …

Prepare a Written Proposal   In addition to having a floor plan and design board, it is also useful to …

Diminished responsibility A partial defence to a charge of murder which reduces the offence to manslaughter . It is defined …

External Financing  Means obtaining capital resources from outside the firm’s resources or accounts. This can only be done in one …

Pre-action Protocols Set steps of procedure in a civil case which require parties to exchange information at an early stage …

National Saving Is a form of government borrowing which encourages people to save by offering not only a reasonable interest …

Expenditure Taxes Tax spending rather than income. They include VAT and the excise taxes. Expenditure taxes are important as sources …

Price Mechanism: The interaction of demand and supply which determines prices, and hence the allocation of scarce resources.

Prepayments  Are items paid for in advance, or on which a deposit has been paid. The balance sheet item debtors  …

Dollar ($): The currency of the United States of America. Other countries such as Canada, Australia, Hong Kong and Singapore …

Mass Marketing Targets a firm’s advertising and promotional spending at the whole market, not at a particular segment. This might …

Contracting Out Means buying in inputs from an independent supplier rather than sourcing all inputs from inside the organisation. It …

Early Years Workers Are those who work with young children and their families. They may be childminders  , pre-school workers, …

Creative Destruction The idea that barriers to entry and big profits create an incentive for big businesses to research and …

Agricultural Stabilisation Policies: Many governments intervene in some way in agricultural markets. In developed countries, the objective is to raise …

Demographic Transition: As developing economies grow, their populations are at first likely to rise rapidly as life expectancy rises and …

Quick Ratio: Also known as the acid test ratio and the liquidity ratio.

Direct Taxes Are levied on the incomes of individuals and firms. They include income tax, corporation tax and council tax. …

Battery (Criminal Law): The application, intentionally or recklessly, of unlawful force to another person. Examples include: •    punching, kicking, slapping …

City of Westminster College Paddington Basin Campus North Wharf Road London W2 1LF t: 020 7723 8826 f: 020 7258 …

Trauma A term that is used either for a physical injury caused by an external force, or a psychological injury …

Employers That Hire Event Planners     As you will read below, there are many types of organizations that hire …

The University of Aberdeen University Office King’s CollegeAberdeenAB24 3FX Contact: Student Recruitment & Admissions Servicet: +44 (0) 1224 273504f: +44 …

Time-Based Management Focusing on time as a key business resource. In the 1970s price was the key competitive tool. In …

Public Sector Net Cash Requirement (PSNCR) Is the gap between government income from taxes and other sources, and its expenditure …

Acquired Disorder A disease  or disability  which is contracted after birth  . It is not inherited disorder or a congenital …

Inclusive Practice Describes the strategies used to ensure that all children are treated fairly and their rights and entitlements are …

ACMA: An Associate (member) of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants.

Means-Ends Analysis A type of problem-solving strategy typically used in computer programs such as the general problem solver. Means-ends analysis …

Voidable contract One that comes into existence but which can be brought to an end by one of the parties …

Condition as a term of a contract An important term of a contract dealing with the most essential parts of …

ما هي أسباب الفشل للدورات التدريبية و أقسام التنمية البشرية؟   اختيار أسلوب تنمية فريق العمل الذي يعزز من أهداف …

Digestion A process which breaks down food from a solid form. Large molecules of food are broken down into soluble …

Social Loafing Refers to the tendency for some people to expend less effort in a group task than they would …

Gender Stereotypes Fixed beliefs about what it means to be male or female. Examples of gender stereotyping  are the varying …

Responsible Marketing Focusing the business not only on what customers want, but also on what is ethically or environmentally justifiable. 

Health and Safety Legislation Has gradually improved employees’ working conditions over many years. This raises the costs of production but …

Diathesis–stress paradigm A belief that individuals may have a predisposition (the diathesis) towards developing a particular disorder which then makes them …

Expenditure-Reducing Policies Entail reducing the level of aggregate demand using fiscal and monetary policies . The term is used in …

هل يمكن دراسة شهادة CMA باللغة العربية؟ تعتبر شهادة برنامج محاسب إداري معتمد من بريطانيا واحدة من المعايير التي تلجأ إليها …

Bolus The mass formed as a result of chewing food in the mouth through movement of the jaw and the …

Memorandum Accounts: These are kept to give additional information about entries in the double-entry system. They are not, in themselves, …

Stock  Materials and goods required in order to produce for, and supply to, the customer. There are three main categories …

جامعة إدنبره – The University of Edinburgh Student Recruitment & Admissions 57 George Square Edinburgh EH8 9JU t: 0131 650 …

  Basic principles of fire          11.4.1 Fire triangle   Fire cannot take place unless three things are present. These …

Portfolio:  A spread of assets or interests to provide diversification  . A share portfolio would be spread among large and …

Application and Allotment Account: The account to which monies are credited when prospective shareholders apply for shares (on application) and …

Food Miles How many miles the contents of a pack of food have travelled to reach the shop shelf. For …

طلب المساعدة في الحصول على ماجستير الادارة العامة ؟ تهدف الإدارة العامة إلي التوجيه نحو تحقيق أهداف معينة لتنفيذ مجموعة …

McKenzie Friend A non-legally qualified person who is allowed to assist you in court and help you question witnesses and put …

Authorised Cheque Signatories: Directors or staff with the authority to sign cheques on behalf of a company, club or any …

Paralysis Loss of nervous function to part of the body. This may be due to damage to the sensory or …

Aromatherapy A complementary therapy  which uses essential oils and hydrosols (the water-soluble part of a plant or flower) to promote …

Mezzanine Debt  Is a source of business finance that is halfway between debt and equity. Like a loan, mezzanine finance …

Labour Budget Is prepared to determine the business’s need for labour for production purposes in the future. It is a …

Undervalued Exchange Rate: An exchange rate which is below its long-term equilibrium value. This means that exports are very competitive …

Business Objectives: Targets set by the board of directors that affect decision-making throughout the organisation. Examples might include: •    to …

Overheads Are similar to fixed costs in that they are not related to the level of output. They include salaries …

  List of principle abbreviations Most abbreviations are defined within the text. Abbreviations are not always used if it is …

Tax Thresholds Are determined by the size of the personal tax allowance, which is the amount of income people are …

Third Force Is a term sometimes used to describe the humanistic perspective in psychology. Humanistic psychology developed as an alternative …

Equal Opportunities Commission: An organisation set up by the Sex Discrimination Act 1975  to promote the ideas and practices required …

LABOUR UTILISATION CONTROL   The Labour Utilisation Index, or Efficiency Index, is not a. measure of the efficiency of labour …

Strict liability (in tort) Means the defendant is liable even if he has taken all reasonable precautions. In most torts, …

Salts Are ionic compounds containing at least one cation and one anion. The properties of salts are that they: •   …

National Insurance Charges -NICs The payments made by employees and employers as their contributions to the funds needed to cover …

Rational-Emotive Therapy A type of cognitive-behavioural therapy . This is based on the theory that many prolonged emotional reactions are …

Inter-Bank Market Is the wholesale money market where banks lend to each other on a very short-term basis, to cover …

Foreign Investment May take place in two ways: • Foreign direct investment (FDI) means spending in another country which will create …

Equal Pay Act 1970: A statute requiring employers to provide equal pay and conditions to those doing the same jobs, …

  Essential Amino Acids   •    Histidine – hemoglobin component; used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, allergic diseases, ulcers …

Continuous Operation Costing Is used when a number of repetitive processes are needed to produce an end product. An example …

Art Deco The quintessential 1920s and 1930s style for skyscrapers, homes, cinemas, even cruise ships, Art Deco is glamorous, modern …

ما هو البرنامج الذي يهتم بدراسة الراي العام في علم النفس الاجتماعي ؟ يوجد العديد من البرامج التي تقدم دراسات …

Product Positioning Means having a clear idea about the segment of the market that a product or service is targeted …